They Had Names

African Americans in Early Records of Liberty and Bryan Counties, Georgia

Liberty County's

Southern Claims Commission Petitions

In 1871, the U.S. Congress created the Southern Claims Commission to consider claims brought by loyalist southerners for supplies that had been confiscated by the U.S. Army during the Civil War. Claimants had to prove that they had been loyal to the Union during the War. The SCC claims provide vivid accounts of the raids and the encounters with the “Yankee” soldiers. At least 144 Liberty County residents, both white and African American, made claims, 86 of which were approved. Each claimant had to answer a long list of questions, provide detailed information on the property that was lost and how it had been acquired to prove ownership, and call witnesses to testify as to both loyalty to the Union and the facts of the case. Below are the claims we have transcribed so far, which sometimes include research on the claimant.

For a list of all the claims with links, click here

Please note that the excerpts shown below are direct quotes from the petitions — sometimes quotes from the testimony and sometimes the Commissioners (terribly biased) conclusions — unless I have done research on the claimant. The software I use for this page does not show quote marks. 

Search the petitions by entering search terms in the field below. 

Southern Claims Commission: Windsor Stevens (1873)

The Southern Claims Commission was established after the Civil War to evaluate the claims of Union sympathizers living in the South for reimbursement due to property confiscation.  This record for Windsor Stevens is presented here in honor of his descendant, Rose Mullice, and her quest to ensure he is not forgotten.  For more on researching […]

Samuel Harris – Southern Claims Commission Claim

Below is a transcription of a successful Southern Claims Commission claim made against the U.S. government by former enslaved man Samuel Harris of Liberty County, Georgia for property taken from him by Union soldiers who were part of General Sherman’s march to Savannah. The questions asked were not part of the original document; they have […]

Sandy Austin – Southern Claims Commission

Transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see full transcription of this claimFor research on Sandy Austin, click here.  About the Southern Claims Commission About This Transcription Sandy Austin Claim Cover Page The Claim: Summary & Transcription Summary Claimant’s Name (Last Name, First Name): Austin, SandyListed as “Colored”? (Y/N): Y Amount of Claim: $396Total Amount Allowed: […]

Pompey Bacon – Southern Claims Commission

See the full transcript of this claim by scrolling down. For research on Pompey Bacon, click HERE. About This Transcription What you are seeing: The Southern Claims Commission files for each claimant included all forms filed for the claimant, including cover pages, standard forms with filled in information, a special agent’s report about the claim, remarks made […]

Mack Golding – Southern Claims Commission

Scroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on Mack Golding, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black and […]

Joseph Bacon Sr – Southern Claims Commission

See the full transcript of this claim by scrolling down. For research on Joseph Bacon Sr, click here.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black […]

Jacob Dryer – Southern Claims Commission

Transcription of Claim by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to read the full transcript of this claimFor research on Jacob Dryer, click HERE. For research on Jacob Dryer’s family lineage, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal […]

Paul LeConte – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on Paul LeConte, click HERE.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

William Wilson – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on William Wilson, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

Jack Wilson – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Stacy Ashmore ColeScroll down to see the full transcript of this claim About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black and […]

Augustus Williams – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see full transcript of this claimFor research about Augustus Williams, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents […]

Jack Williams – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Stacy Ashmore ColeScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research about Jack Williams, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty […]

A Different Civil War Story

James and John Somersall were white brothers who lived in rice-growing, slave-owning Liberty County, Georgia. They were poor. They owned a few acres of land, grew their own food, milked their own cows, and didn’t own people. John was in his late 30’s when the clouds of the Civil War appeared on the horizon, and […]

Toney Axson – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see full transcription of this claimFor research on Toney Axon, click here.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents […]

Lafayette DeLegal – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Stacy Ashmore ColeScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimTo see research on Lafayette DeLegal, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty […]

Aberdeen LeCounte – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonSee the full transcript by scrolling downFor research on Aberdeen LeCounte, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both […]

Boston Polite – Southern Claims Commission

Boston Polite SCC testimony Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to read the full transcriptFor research about Boston Polite, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty […]

William (“Billy”) Gilmore – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on William Gilmore, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

Sampson Bacon – Southern Claims Commission

Sampson Bacon, formerly enslaved in Liberty County, Georgia, originally put in a claim in 1872 with the Southern Claims Commission for property he said was confiscated from his slaveowner Joseph Bacon’s plantation in December 1864 when Sherman’s Army came through Liberty County. He died, however, and his brother John Bacon pursued the claim in 1878, […]

Joel Hodges – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonSee full transcript by scrolling downFor research on Joel Hodges, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both […]

Titus Alvin & Eliza LeConte – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Stacy Ashmore ColeScroll down to see full transcription of this claimFor research done on Titus Alvin and Eliza LeConte, click here.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than […]

John Lambert – Southern Claims Commission

Southern Claims Commission Petition By John Lambert John Lambert was only about 10 years old — an enslaved child — when the U.S. Army swept through Liberty County foraging during Sherman’s March to the Sea. He filed this claim on behalf of his mother after the war. Phillis Lambert was blind by then, and had […]

James Anderson – Southern Claims Commission

Southern Claims Commission Petition By James Anderson James Anderson, who had been an enslaved man belonging to Joseph Anderson prior to Emancipation, owned hogs, cows, corn, potatoes, chickens and clothes that were taken by U.S. soldiers while they were camped at Midway Congregational Church in Liberty County in December 1864. Anderson received $90 in compensation […]

George Gould – Southern Claims Commission

Southern Claims Commission Petition By George Gould “I used to have all the privileges a slave could have, but I would not give one of my free days for all my life in slavery.” –Joshua Cassell, Liberty County, Georgia When the U.S. Army arrived in Liberty County in December 1864, the soldiers and their horses […]

Elizabeth Somersall – Southern Claims Commission

Southern Claims Commission Petition By Elizabeth Somersall Claim transcribed by: Stacy Ashmore ColeScroll down to see the transcriptionFor research on Elizabeth Somersall (and her sons), click HERE. Elizabeth Somersall SCC testimony About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal […]

Richard Bacon – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Tamra CostineScroll down to see the full transcriptFor research on Richard Bacon, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black […]

James Anderson – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claim. For research on James Anderson, click here.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

James Stacy – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on James Stacy, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

David S. Baggs & Isabella Baggs – Southern Claims Commission

Southern Claims Commission Petition By David S. Baggs & Isabella Baggs In the early 1870s, David Spurlock Baggs filed a claim with the Southern Claims Commission, asking for compensation for $5000 worth of horses, mules, cattles, hogs, corn, rice, potatoes, fodder, bacon, and rails for fuel taken by U.S. soldiers when Sherman’s Army raided in […]

Pulaski Carter – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see full transcript of this claim About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black and white […]

Samuel Maxwell – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Stacy Ashmore ColeScroll down to see the full transcriptFor research on Samuel Maxwell, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both […]

Doddy Brown – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonSee the full transcript of this claim by scrolling downFor research on Doddy Brown, click HERE.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

Jacob Golding – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on Jacob Golding, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

David Stevens – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on David Stevens, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

George McConnell – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Tamra CostineScroll down to see full transcriptFor research on George McConnell, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black and […]

Prime Hargraves – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on Prime Hargraves, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

George Powell – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on George Powell, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

Prime LeConte – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to view full transcriptFor research on Prime LeConte, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents — both black […]

Isaac Jenkins – Southern Claims Commission

Southern Claims Commission Petition By Isaac Jenkins Summary of Claim Isaac Jenkins’ claim was denied for restitution for property he said U.S. soldiers took from him during their foraging in Liberty County in 1864, but his claim contained interesting details about his life after the Civil War. Jenkins was in his early 20s when emancipated […]

Andrew Girardeau (or Quarterman) – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Tamra CostineScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on Andrew Girardeau, click HERE.  About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County residents […]

Isaac Simpson – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research about Isaac Simpson, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty […]

Isaac Williams – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research about Isaac Williams, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

Mingo Quarterman – Southern Claims Commission

Claim transcribed by Cathy Tarpley DillonScroll down to see the full transcript of this claimFor research on Mingo Quarterman, click HERE. About the Southern Claims Commission The Southern Claims Commmission was set up by Congress in 1871 to adjudicate claims for property taken by U.S. federal troops during the Civil War. More than 140 Liberty County […]

Caesar and Linda Roberts – Southern Claims Commission

The claimant is an old colored woman – was the slave of George Walthour. “sewed , milked & did housework.” Her husband belonged to Mr. Howe & was a favorite slave & had many privileges & owned some property. He died about three years after the war. That he owned the property claimed is highly improbable. 20 cows would make a good large dairy for a northern farmer; and as her husband “was a driver – did not work in the field but just overlooked” it is not easy to see how he could manage & take care of the 20 cows. The proof of the number is wholly unsatisfactory. She says “he counted them off from the other cattle as they went by” at the time of the raid.

Jack Walker – Southern Claims Commission

In 1879, Jack Walker said that he was then 60 years old, and had lived in Liberty County’s 1132d district for 50 years. He had not mentioned owning property in his testimony for Baggs, but in his own testimony, he stated that he had lost to the soldiers one horse, a saddle and bridle, 20 hogs, 2000 lbs fodder, 150 pounds sugar, 50 bushels of corn, and 50 chickens. This was a large amount of property for an enslaved man, and the Commission denied the claim on the basis that “we do not feel justified in allowing claims for persons formerly slaves without more satisfactory proof that they owned the property than this [claimant] has furnished.” Walker had only testified that he had earned the property by working at nights and weekends, and the Commission normally wanted more detail; not providing it was the fault of the Special Commissioner taking the testimony and Walker’s lawyer, M.J. O’Donoghue.

Amy (or Emma) Roberts – Southern Claims Commission

Amy Roberts testified that she was 30 years old in 1877, and her claim was disallowed on the basis that she would only have been about 13 years old when the war started and thus was unlikely to have acquired the relatively large amount of property she claimed: 24 bushels of corn, 6 bushels of peas, 19 bushels of rice, 10 hogs, 75 pounds of pork, 40 head of fowls, plus beds, bedding, and kitchen furniture, which she valued at $188. The property all belonged to her, not to her husband, she said. Amy testified that she was held in slavery by E.B. Way and that she had been married about one year before the war. She said that her husband now lived with her but “was separated by his Master from me during the war.” She added that she had three children: Henry Roberts, not quite 3; Leonora 1 year old; and the other an infant. E.B. Way was not testifying for her because he was dead, she said.

William Law – Southern Claims Commission

William Law testified in 1877 that he was 62 years old and had lived in Liberty County all his life. He said that R.Q. Baker had been his owner and that he was not testifying for him because he was dead. He claimed to have owned a gray mare, a set of new harness, 4 meat hogs, 15 stock hogs, 12 chickens, plus clothing, bed clothing, lard, pots, and hats, all of which he said were taken by Sherman’s Army while they were foraging in Liberty County in December 1864. His initial 1872 application had said that he would call Caesar Mallard and John Wilson as witnesses, but in 1877 when it came time to testify, he only brought Joseph McDaniel, who testified that he was 41 years old and had also lived in Liberty County all his life. He said he had known William Law from boyhood and that they lived on the same place.

Samuel Osgood – Southern Claims Commission

Osgood testified in 1873 that he had been born into slavery in Liberty County, that he was about 58 years old, and that he was still living and farming on John E. Baker’s land, where he had previously been held enslaved. He said he became free when “the Yankees came in and told us we were free.” Before that, he added, “My feelings were if it was the will of the Lord that if our freedom was to come it would be much to my satisfaction. I cast all the influence I had and could give on the side of the Yankees I knew if the war didn’t go on our freedom would not come.”

Thomas Axson – Southern Claims Commission

Transcript ofSouthern Claims Commission Petition By Thomas Axson [NOTE: Only the application was contained in this case file online, no testimony or resolution.] Claimant’s Name (Last Name, First Name): Axson, Thomas [alt: Tom Axon]Listed as “Colored”? (Y/N): Y Link to original.  Amount of Claim: $270Total Amount Allowed: N/A, disallowedNature of Claim: Army SuppliesClaimant living in: Capt. […]

Nanny or Nancy Bacon – Southern Claims Commission

Claimant is a widow and inherited the property for which she claims compensation from her husband. Her loyalty is established by her own statement and the testimony of her witnesses. The ownership and taking of the property by soldiers of Gen Sherman’s command in December 1864 is also established. We allow the sum of seventy four dollars.